Calendrier du mois de avril 2024
PSI-PSE (Petit Séminaire Informel de la Paris School of Economics) Seminar
Du 30/04/2024 de 17:00 à 18:00
R1-09
VARDAXOGLOU Laurence (PSE)
Voting under the influence of far right misinformation
Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 30/04/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
DAVIS Lucas(Stanford University)
ÖZGÜZEL Cem(CES & IZA)
GIRAY AKSOY CEVAT (EBRD & Kings College London)
BLOOM Nicholas(Stanford University)
MARINO Victoria(EBRD)
Shift to Remote Work, Performance, and Well-being
How does a permanent shift to remote work affect firm-level outcomes? Leveraging administrative panel data from 2019 to 2022 from a large call centre where employees transitioned to permanent remote work in response to the pandemic, we find a significant increase in call centre agents' performance after adopting remote work. This performance gain is driven by reduced time spent on individual calls, decreased administrative tasks, and fewer employee breaks. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that these gains do not compromise call quality, as shown by the absence of adverse effects on various call quality measures. To provide a comprehensive understanding, we supplement our analysis with survey data collected from call centre agents, which sheds light on the underlying mechanisms of our results.
Roy Seminar (ADRES)
Du 29/04/2024 de 17:00 à 18:30
R1-09
RUBINSTEIN Ariel (NYU)
No prices and no games: the case of matching problems
écrit avec Michael Richter
Econometrics Seminar
Du 29/04/2024 de 16:15 à 17:30
PSE, room R1-14
GU Jiaying (University of Toronto)
TBA
Régulation et Environnement
Du 29/04/2024 de 12:00 à 13:30
R1-09
GILLINGHAM Kenneth (Yale University)
*
EU Tax Observatory Seminar
Du 26/04/2024 de 13:30 à 14:30
Salle R1.14
WAMSER Georg (Tübingen University)
Effective Corporate Income Taxation and Corruption
écrit avec with Peter Egger, Sean Mc Auliffe and Valeria Merlo
We show that effective corporate income taxes are lower in EU NUTS 2 regions where citizens perceive corruption to be comparatively more prevalent. We develop a new approach for calculating region-industry-year-specific empirical effective income tax rates (EEITRs) using firm-entity-level income statement data. Controlling for proxies for deductions that could legally be claimed (e.g., depreciation allowances, deduction of interest payments, potential for loss carryforwards, preferential treatment of patent revenues) and additional controls (e.g., regional GDP), as well as country-industry-year fixed effects, our benchmark model suggests that a one standard deviation increase in corruption leads to a statistically significant decrease in EEITRs of approximately 0.4 percentage points. From an economic point of view, this effect is sizeable given that the between-region within-country differences in corruption are significant. Our findings suggest more tax evasion in regions with high corruption via overstated tax-base deductions.
Casual Friday Development Seminar - Brown Bag Seminar
Du 26/04/2024 de 13:00 à 14:00
R1-09
MALLIA Paola (PSE)
*
PSE Internal Seminar
Du 26/04/2024 de 12:00 à 13:00
HUANG Yuchen(PSE)
ELLISON Sara(MIT)
Non-Meritocrats or Conformist Meritocrats? A Redistribution Experiment in China and France
Recent empirical evidence contends that meritocratic ideals are mainly a Western phenomenon. Intriguingly, the Chinese people appear to not differentiate between merit- and luck-based inequalities, despite their rich historical legacy of meritocratic institutions. We propose that this phenomenon might be due to the Chinese public's greater adherence towards the status quo. In order to test this hypothesis, we run an incentivized redistribution experiment with elite university students in China and France, by varying the initial split of payoffs between two real-life workers to redistribute from. We show that Chinese respondents consistently and significantly choose more non-redistribution (playing the status quo) across both highly unequal and relatively equal status quo scenarios than our French respondents. Additionally, we also show that the Chinese sample does differentiate between merit- and luck-based inequalities, and does not redistribute less than the French absent status quo conformity. Ultimately, we contend that such a phenomenon is indicative of low political agency rather than apathy, inattention, or libertarian beliefs among the Chinese. Notably, our findings show that Chinese individuals' conformity to the status quo is particularly pronounced among those from families of working-class and farming backgrounds, while it is conspicuously absent among individuals whose families have closer ties to the private sector........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Vacation home rental websites like VRBO and AirBNB are close-to-textbook examples of how web-enabled reductions in transactions costs could lead to substantial improvements in social welfare through more efficient use of a fixed resource. Such websites, however, have attracted a great deal of criticism from the very start. If houses become easier to rent online to vacationers, for instance, then houses in the primary-home market may be shifted to the rental market, exacerbating shortages and driving up prices for primary homebuyers. We use two comprehensive and detailed data sets—one on New Hampshire housing stock and transactions over the past twenty years and one on personal mobility from cell-phone pings—to identify vacation-appropriate homes and then examine the changes in the markets for both vacation homes and primary homes, and the spillovers between them.
Macroeconomics Seminar
Du 25/04/2024 de 16:00 à 17:15
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, salle R2-21
RUGGIERI Alessandro (CUNEF Universidad)
Misallocation and Inequality
écrit avec N.Guner (CEMFI)
We document how inequality in wage and salary earnings varies with GDP per capita for a large set of countries. The mean-to-median ratio and the Gini coefficient decline as we move from poorer to richer countries. Yet, this decline masks divergent patterns: while inequality at the top of the earnings distribution falls, inequality at the bottom increases. We interpret these facts within a model economy with heterogeneous workers and firms, featuring industry dynamics, search frictions, and skill accumulation of workers through on-the-job learning and training. The benchmark economy is calibrated to the UK. We then study how the earnings distribution changes with distortions that penalize high-productivity firms and frictions that reduce match formation. Distortions and frictions reduce employment, average firm size, and GDP per capita. They also affect how much firms are willing to pay workers, how well high-skill workers are matched with high-productivity firms, and how much training workers receive. The model generates the observed cross-country relation between GDP per capita and earnings inequality and a host of cross-country facts on firm size distribution, firms’ training decisions, and workers’ life-cycle and job tenure earnings profiles.
PEPES (Paris Empirical Political Economics) Working Group
Du 25/04/2024 de 12:30 à 14:00
Sciences Po
REYNAL-QUEROL Marta (UPF)
The Colonial Origins of State Capacity: Evidence from Spanish Conquerors in Latin America
TOM (Théorie, Organisation et Marchés) Lunch Seminar
Du 25/04/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
R1-13
SATPATHY Aviman (PSE)
Navigating Complexity in Choice under Uncertainty: Coarse Payoff-Assessment Learning Model
écrit avec Philippe Jehiel
We introduce the novel Coarse Payoff-Assessment Learning (CPAL) model that describes reinforcement learning in agents who tend to simplify the choice problems they face by focusing on the aggregate consequences of choosing over different clusters of alternatives pre-arranged into exogenously defined similarity classes (instead of assessing each alternative individually). This technique is especially relevant in choice problems with uncertainty where the overall set of alternatives is too large to be considered extensively. We consider a smooth version of such a learning model and apply it to families of decision problems that differ in the set of available similarity classes. We first note that the steady-states of the learning dynamics correspond to a smooth (quantal) version of the Valuation Equilibrium [Jehiel and Samet, 2007]. We present examples of choice problems that reveal the possibility of multiple equilibria and verify the asymptotic stability of pure equilibria. In contrast, we also identify conditions under which a unique, fully mixed equilibrium emerges - characterized by identical valuations across all similarity classes involved in the mixing, although the agent almost surely selects the alternative with the highest valuation. In particular, when the trivial decision problems involving a single alternative lead to sufficiently high payoffs, we show that the latter arises, and we prove that the unique steady-state (that involves mixing) is locally stable within the learning dynamics. Additionally, we demonstrate global convergence of the learning model to the unique mixed equilibrium when the agent is equipped with at most three similarity classes.
Travail et économie publique externe
Du 25/04/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 74014 Paris, salle R2-21
MACHIN Stephen (London School of Economics)
Government Contracting and Living Wages > Minimum Wages
écrit avec Nikhil Datta
Government procurement accounts for a significant share of GDP, and environmental,
social and corporate governance (ESG) clauses in government contracts have become
common across developed economies. This paper studies one of these clauses: living wages
that are set considerably higher than mandated minimum wages. When a local government
in the UK signs up to become a living wage employer, as a significant number did in the
time period we study, firms that have procurement contracts with them have to pay workers
the living wage. This variation is studied with rich matched data on workers in
establishments for a service sector company with many establishments located across the
country. Just under half of the firm’s establishments were made to comply with the living
wage as a consequence of the local government becoming a living wage employer in the
period between 2011 and 2019. In a staggered difference-in-differences research design,
low wage workers are shown to receive a significant wage boost from the living wage
introduction. Consistent with a model of monopsony power and where bottom-of-the-rung
workers and supervisors are gross complements, the living wage induced labour-labour
substitution in favour of the former. Further adjustment to the wage bill increase from the
introduction of the living wage took place through within-establishment internal changes to
the establishment pay policy structures. The overall result was that the Company was able
to absorb the wage cost shock embodied in living wage adoption in a way that significantly
narrowed establishment wage inequality.
Texte intégral
Behavior seminar
Du 25/04/2024 de 11:00 à 12:00
R2-21
COLSON-SIHRA Eve (Department of Economics and PPE Program, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem)
How Sticky are Consumption Stereotypes? Evidence from the Meat Gender Gap
Using consumer surveys and barcode data, this study reveals a persistent 20% gap in red meat consumption between single men and women in the US. Investigating whether this disparity stems from gender stereotypes, we collect survey data to assess the influence of attitudes, beliefs, and implicit biases on meat consumption. Findings suggest that the gap is largely due to preferences and perceived needs rather than differences in beliefs about environmental, health, or ethical impacts. Moreover, an Implicit Association Test uncovers a strong bias linking meat with masculinity. The study further examines the stickiness of these consumption stereotypes through an experiment with identity priming and a de-biasing treatment, analyzing their effects on meat consumption expectations and conjoint analysis outcomes.
Behavior Working Group
Du 25/04/2024 de 10:00 à 11:00
R2-21
MAYAUX Damien(PSE)
MAYAUX Damien(PSE)
Utility and Contrast in Evidence Accumulation Models
Combining response times to choice data helps reveal preferences when decision-makers make mistakes. Evidence accumulation models, such as the Decision Diffusion Model (DDM) or the Linear Ballistic Accumulator, generate a joint distribution of choice and response times given a set of alternatives and their utility. These models have been shown to fit equally well empirical data for a given choice set. However, they generate diverging predictions about the effect of changing the utility of an alternative. In this paper, I clarify theoretically how utility enters these models and how they can be used for revealing preferences.
I characterize evidence accumulation models by their range – the set of all distributions that can be generated - and their contrast - the extent to which increasing the utility of one alternative slows down the choice of another. Evidence accumulation models have a similar range, but disagree on the contrast. One implication is that all these models would be equally suitable for revealing preferences if their contrast was properly calibrated.. I propose a tractable framework for this aim and give general conditions under which it is applicable. I illustrate my theoretical results with simulated data from a DDM model.
Development Economics Seminar
Du 24/04/2024 de 16:30 à 18:00
R2.01
ANNAN Francis (University of California, Berkeley )
Equilibrium Effects of Entry in Digital Financial Markets
We study the direct and indirect effects of randomized entry into local service industries. We implement a three-step design, randomizing the entry of new retail mobile money vendors — drawn from existing microenterprises retailing other services across independent, distinct low-income localities in Ghana. We report preliminary evidence of (i) mixed business stealing and market expansion in sector A: mobile money, and (ii) market expansion in sector B: microenterprises. Yet, local industry revenues and profits increased overall, suggesting positive externalities on microenterprises and producer surplus. Randomized entry increases both firm conduct and service quality and decreases prices, suggesting positive consumer surplus. These effects are not only important for welfare and policy but are key ingredients for advancing basic and applied knowledge on firm entry in industry equilibrium.
Economic History Seminar
Du 24/04/2024 de 12:00 à 13:30
R1.09
YAZDANI Kaveh (U. Connecticut)
The Biography of Capitalism(s) – 10th to 18th Centuries
In this presentation, I will first discuss the different approaches vis-à-vis the periodization of capitalism. Then, the transition period towards merchant capitalism in Song China and West Asia from the 10th century onwards will be examined. Next, I will briefly touch upon the emergence of merchant capitalism proper, especially in northern Italian coastal cities. Finally, some Asio-African and European commercial capitalist and entrepreneurial-mercantilist capitalist activities and developments between the 16th and 18th centuries will be scrutinized.
PSI-PSE (Petit Séminaire Informel de la Paris School of Economics) Seminar
Du 23/04/2024 de 17:00 à 18:00
R1-09
MAYAUX Damien (PSE)
Utility and Contrast in Evidence Accumulation Models
Virtual Development Economics Seminar
Du 23/04/2024 de 17:00 à 18:00
Zoom
GENICOT Garance ((Georgetown University and CEPR))
*
Paris Trade Seminar
Du 23/04/2024 de 14:30 à 16:00
PSE, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, salle R2-01
MAGLI Martina (LMU)
Should we stay or should we go? Firms' adjustment to trade shocks
écrit avec Holger Breilnich
Services account for one-third of global trade, yet little is known about the impact of trade restrictions on services trade. To make progress in this area, it is crucial to understand through which Modes services are traded (cross-border, movement of people, foreign investment or consumption abroad) and how firms substitute among these Modes. We provide novel micro-level evidence on firms' Mode choices, combining detailed data on UK firms' trade and affiliates' sales. We also estimate the substitution between trade Modes using Brexit as an exogenous shock, finding that UK firms increasingly relied on local affiliate sales to serve the EU market after 2016. This shift protected firm-level services exports from expected higher trade barriers after Brexit, but at the cost of lower domestic employment.
STEP (Seminar of Trade Economists in Paris)
Du 23/04/2024 de 13:00 à 14:00
R1-13
PRAETORIUS Sophie (Science Po)
Collaboration in Technology and Multinational Production
This paper studies how inter-firm collaboration in technology relates to global production choices.
Building a structural multinational production model that incorporates technology choices and allows
for collaboration when choosing the optimal assembly location for a given variety that is sold in a
specific destination market, I find that both technology choice and sharing of platforms as input
technology have important effects on the cost, and, thus, the expected profits of firms. Conditional
on technology, a firm’s cost of serving a market increases by 1% compared to a scenario where firm
choices are agnostic to input technology. On the other hand, allowing for collaboration reduces their
cost by 4%. These effects propagate through the firm’s entry choices and, thus, shape the global
production landscape
Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 23/04/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
Salle R2.21
TSOUTSOPLIDI Olivia (SciencesPo)
*
GPET Seminar
Du 23/04/2024 de 09:00 à 12:40
R1-13
• 9:00 Coffee
• 9:10-10:00 : Hector Paredes : Land Without Masters: local political competition since the Peruvian Land Reform (1969-1980)
• 10:00-10:50: Luc Paluskiewicz : Gender Quotas, Campaign Financing Rules and Party Bias against Women in Brazil
• Break
• 11:00-11:50 : Youssef Salib BCA and reshuffling: a theoretical framework
• 11:50-12:40 : Rafael Schütz : Demand-induced innovation in low-externality goods
Followed by STEP Seminar at 13:00 R1-13 PRAETORIUS Sophie (Science Po): recipient of 4th year PhD financing of Research Chair Globalization
Roy Seminar (ADRES)
Du 22/04/2024 de 17:00 à 18:30
R1-09
IIJIMA Ryota (Yale)
Multidimensional Screening with Rich Consumer Data
écrit avec Mira Frick and Yuhta Ishii
We study multi-good sales by a seller who has access to rich data about a buyer's valuations for the goods. Optimal mechanisms in such multi-dimensional screening problems are known to in general be complicated and not resemble mechanisms observed in practice. Thus, we instead analyze the optimal convergence rate of the seller's revenue to the first-best revenue as the amount of data grows large. Our main result provides a rationale for a simple and widely used class of mechanisms---(pure) bundling---by showing that these mechanisms allow the seller to achieve the optimal convergence rate. In contrast, we find that another simple class of mechanisms---separate sales---yields a suboptimal convergence rate to the first-best and thus is outperformed by bundling whenever the seller has sufficiently precise information about consumers.
Régulation et Environnement
Du 22/04/2024 de 12:00 à 13:30
R1-09
KELLOGG Ryan (University of Chicago)
*The End of Oil
Abstract: It is now plausible to envision scenarios in which global demand for crude oil falls to essentially zero by the end of this century, driven by a combination of improvements in clean energy technologies and adoption of increasingly stringent climate policies. This paper asks what such a demand decline might mean for global oil supply once the industry adopts a belief that the decline is upon it. One concern is the well-known “green paradox” effect: because oil is an exhaustible resource, producers may accelerate near-term extraction in order to beat the demand decline. This reaction would increase near-term CO2 emissions and could possibly even lead the total present value of climate damages to be greater than if demand had not declined at all. However, because increasing or even maintaining the rate of oil production requires investments in wells and other infrastructure, and because such investments can be long-lived, the opposite effect may also occur: an anticipated demand decline causes firms to reduce their investments, hence decreasing near-term production and CO2 emissions. I develop a tractable model that incorporates both of these effects in a market with heterogeneous producers—while also capturing industry features such as exercise of market power by low-cost OPEC producers and marginal drilling costs that increase with the rate of drilling—and examine quantitatively which effect is likely to outweigh the other. Preliminary results indicate that for model inputs with the strongest empirical support, the disinvestment effect dominates the traditional green paradox effect. In order for an anticipated demand decline to substantially increase near-term global oil production, I find that industry investments must have very short time horizons, and that producers must have discount rates that are comparable to U.S. treasury bill rates.
EU Tax Observatory Seminar
Du 19/04/2024 de 12:00 à 13:00
Salle R1-14
JAKOB BROUNSTEIN (IFS)
Retaining your corporate income tax base: Effects of a tax haven shareholdership reform in Ecuador
écrit avec with Pierre Bachas and Alex Bajaña
Can a country reduce its exposure to tax havens, and what are the consequences? We analyze the effects of the 2015 corporate tax surcharge applied by Ecuador to all domestic firms with shareholders from tax havens. This reform was made possible by the implementation of a mandatory ownership registry in 2012. We implement a difference-in-differences estimation that compares firms demonstrating pre-reform tax haven shareholdership versus other internationally owned firms (without tax haven presence). Exposed firms reduce their reported shareholder linkages to tax havens by 17pp on average, with approximately one-third of exposed firms ceasing observable ties to tax havens entirely. We document a nearly complete substitution (14pp) towards foreign non-haven ownership, hinting at a layering response. Yet, we also find a small increase in domestic shareholdership, and a modest rise in taxable profits and tax liability, which suggests that substituting to alternate avoidance strategies is not frictionless.
Casual Friday Development Seminar - Brown Bag Seminar
Du 19/04/2024 de 12:00 à 13:00
R1-09
SHARMA Vrinda(PSE)
AHLBORN Laura(PSE)
Understanding adaptation to rising salinity in Vietnam
brown bag Travail et Économie Publique
Du 18/04/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 74014 Paris, salle R1-09
OYON LERGA Unai ()
Bounding Treatment Effect Heterogeneity with an Application to Labor Economics
Uncovering the nature and the magnitude of the heterogeneity in the impact of a public policy is central for practitioners. Using an interactive fixed effects (IFE) model in the context of panel data to accommodate non-parallel evolutions of untreated potential outcomes across groups, I aim to provide two measures of the aforesaid heterogeneity. First and foremost, a bound of the variance of the treatment effects, and, under stronger assumptions, a characterization of the full distribution of treatment effects on the treated (QTT). I then review the available results in the literature using deconvolutions and instrumental variables in quantile regressions to estimate QTTs, and sketch some potential applications in the field of Labor Economics.
PSI-PSE (Petit Séminaire Informel de la Paris School of Economics) Seminar
Du 16/04/2024 de 17:00 à 18:00
R1-09
OYON LERGA Unai ()
Bounding Treatment Effect Heterogeneity with an Application to Labor Economics
Uncovering the nature and the magnitude of the heterogeneity in the impact of a public policy is central for practitioners. Using an interactive fixed effects (IFE) model in the context of panel data to accommodate non-parallel evolutions of untreated potential outcomes across groups, I aim to provide two measures of the aforesaid heterogeneity. First and foremost, a bound of the variance of the treatment effects, and, under stronger assumptions, a characterization of the full distribution of treatment effects on the treated (QTT). I then review the available results in the literature using deconvolutions and instrumental variables in quantile regressions to estimate QTTs, and sketch some potential applications in the field of Labor Economics.
Du 16/04/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
WOO-MORA Guillermo ()
Moral Force: Leaders's actions, within-city social distancing and COVID-19
écrit avec María Montoya-Aguirre, Federico Daverio and Max Ponce de León
I exploited a natural experiment within India's public engineering institutes to study how increased exposure to students from different castes affects job market and academic outcomes, as well as support towards affirmative action (AA) policies and mental well-being. Leveraging a setting where negative stereotypes about ability are very salient due to intense competition and explicit caste-based affirmative action policies, I used roommate exposure as an opportunity to identify possible discrimination from upper-caste groups and changes in self-confidence among disadvantaged groups that are possibly relevant to broader affirmative action policies in India.
Pilot results consistently indicate negative effects on disadvantaged groups' academic skills and job market outcomes when assigned to mixed-caste rooms in their first year. Academic interactions between roommates are lower when they live in mixed-caste rooms, but no change in social interactions is observed. Finally, support for attitudes towards affirmative action policies reduces for both upper and lower caste groups when they live in mixed-caste rooms, even though lower-caste students believe AA policies benefit them. A large-scale survey will further explore these findings, investigating mechanisms like discrimination, self-confidence, networks, and information.
Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 16/04/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
Salle R2-21
WOO-MORA Guillermo ()
Moral Force: Leaders's actions, within-city social distancing and COVID-19
écrit avec María Montoya-Aguirre, Federico Daverio and Max Ponce de León
We study how a populist leader influenced social distancing behavior and affected COVID-19 outcomes among his supporters during the early stages of the pandemic in Mexico. President Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) defied government stay-at-home recommendations, prompting dismissal by the COVID-19 Czar, who described him as a moral force rather than a contagion threat. Leveraging granular mobility and political support data, we employ a difference-in-difference research design, revealing that post-Czar statement, pro-AMLO electoral precincts increased out-of-home mobility by up to 2% two weeks later. Concurrently, pro-AMLO municipalities experienced elevated COVID-19 positivity, hospitalization, and case-fatality rates. These results underscore the impact of populist leaders on public health behaviors and the risks when scientists align with populist rhetoric.
Paris Migration Economics Seminar
Du 15/04/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
R1-14
TURATI Riccardo (Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona)
Immigration and Cultural Heterogeneity: Evidence from two Decades in Europe
écrit avec Y. Elkhateeb and J. Valette
This paper investigates the impact of immigration on cultural heterogeneity in Europe from 2004 to 2018 at the regional level. It combines European Social Survey data, to measure cultural heterogeneity across several cultural traits, with immigrant data from the European Labor Force Survey. Our findings show that overall cultural heterogeneity is negatively influenced by inflows of immigrants. The results indicate that while low-skilled and non-European immigrants increase cultural heterogeneity by introducing new values in destination countries, this effect fades rapidly with assimilation. It is also outweighed by a stronger cultural reaction of natives to the higher share of high-skilled immigrants within Europe that correlates with reduced cultural fractionalization among natives. By emphasizing birthplace as a relevant cleavage in studying cultural divisions, our study provides insights into how immigration can shape the distribution of cultural values in modern societies.
Du 12/04/2024 de 16:00 à 17:00
R1.14
BERTILORENZI Marco ()
*
brown bag Travail et Économie Publique
Du 11/04/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 74014 Paris, salle R1-09
DOUSSET Léa ()
Relative Rank Effects on Secondary Education Paths in France
PSI-PSE (Petit Séminaire Informel de la Paris School of Economics) Seminar
Du 09/04/2024 de 17:00 à 18:00
R1-09
TORRES Ornella (PSE)
Global Imbalances, Interest Rates and the Green Transition
Virtual Development Economics Seminar
Du 09/04/2024 de 17:00 à 18:00
Zoom
BHALOTRA Sonia ((Warwick University and CEPR))
*
Du 09/04/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
Salle R2.21
TOCHEV Todor (IPP)
*
écrit avec Elena Manzoni, Simone Quercia and Sara Tonini
While media bias has been shown to exacerbate anti-immigration attitudes, little is known on how to counteract this effect. In this paper, we examine whether providing statistical information can countervail the effect of sensational news about immigrant crimes. Using a survey experiment in Italy, we randomly expose around 7,000 participants to a news story reporting a sexual assault perpetrated by an immigrant, and/or to statistical information about immigration and crime. We find that the news story increases anti-immigration attitudes while statistical information tends to have the opposite effect. When both are presented together the effect of the news story dominates the effect of information, resulting into an increase in anti-immigration sentiments. We further show that statistical information corrects factual beliefs, not only when presented in isolation, but also for individuals that are subsequently exposed to the news story. We find evidence suggesting that the emotional reaction to the news is an important factor explaining why, despite correcting misperceptions, information is not sufficient to counteract the attitudinal effect of the news story.
Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 09/04/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
Salle R2.21
PECHEU Vladimir (IPP)
Trends and Inequality in Lifetime Earnings in France
écrit avec Bertrand Garbinti, Cecilia García-Pñalosa, Vladimir Pecheu, Frédérique Savignac
This paper is the first to compute lifetime earnings (LTE) in France for a large number of cohorts entering the labour market between 1967 and 1987, and to analyze their main determinants, as well as those of the evolution of the gender gap in LTE. We compare our results with evidence by Guvenen et al. (2022a) for the US, documenting sharp differences between the two countries. Median LTE show similar flat trends in both countries, but in France this results from a moderate increase for both genders together with increased female participation, while in the US, LTE declines for men and sharply grows for women. There have been marked changes in age profiles, as for both genders younger cohorts have experienced a decrease in entry wages that has been more than offset by faster wage growth. Our analysis of inequality finds that it is lower when we focus on LTE than in the cross-section, and that it follows a U-shaped pattern, although the increase is much smaller in France than that observed in the US. Lastly, we also find that i) education (returns and changes in attainment) plays a key role in shaping LTE across cohorts, ii) place of birth has a large influence on lifetime earnings and iii) differences in working time explain an increasing part of the gender gap in LTE over time as both men and women have increased the number of years they work but women have done so largely through part-time employment.
Casual Friday Development Seminar - Brown Bag Seminar
Du 05/04/2024 de 13:00 à 14:00
R1-09
SAXENA Utkarsh (Oxford, MIT)
Artificial Intelligence and Judicial State Capacity: Evidence from India
EU Tax Observatory Seminar
Du 05/04/2024 de 12:00 à 13:00
Salle R1-14
MARTINEZ Isabel (KOF (ETH Zurich), CEPR, CESifo)
Earnings Responses to Sudden Wealth: Inheritance, Inter-Vivos Gifts, and Lotteries
We study individual earnings responses to positive wealth shocks from inheritance, inter-vivos gifts, and lotteries. In a life-cycle model we show how responses may differ across the three types of shocks because they occur at different ages. In addition, gifts tend to be targeted, and socio-psychological circumstances differ between the different shocks. We explore these differences in a panel of tax records for a large Swiss canton. We find consistently negative earnings responses, irrespective of the source of the wealth shock. The strongest responses are found for older workers – partly through early retirement–, and for women. Conditional on age, inheritance triggers weaker earnings responses than lottery winnings. Gifts are associated with the strongest reductions in subsequent earnings. However, strong pre-trends confirm them to be targeted and do not allow us to quantify the causal effect of inter-vivos giving. For instrumented gifts, however, no statistically significant earnings response is observed. This suggests that, when abstracting from targeting, behavioral effects mitigate labor supply reductions of donees.
EPCI (Economie politique du changement institutionnel) Seminar
Du 05/04/2024 de 11:00 à 12:30
MSE salle 116
GAYON Vincent (Université Paris Dauphine, IRISSO)
Épistémocratie. Enquête sur le gouvernement international du capitalisme
Bureaucrates, consultants et universitaires réunis à l’OCDE constituent un microcosme expert et opaque qui impose des politiques régressives à tous les pays dits développés. Ce livre est une plongée inédite dans le gouvernement international de l’économie. Il montre comment se légitime un ordre capitaliste qui fait du chômage et de la modération salariale le résultat des largesses de l’État social.
Vincent GAYON, Épistémocratie. Enquête sur le gouvernement international du capitalisme, Collection Microcosmes, Raisons d'agir, 2022, 350 p.
Behavior Working Group
Du 05/04/2024 de 11:00 à 12:00
MSE ( Salle 115)
FERNANDEZ-URBANO Roger ()
How Locus of Control Predicts Subjective Well-being and its Inequality: The Moderating Role of Social Values
Previous research has established the central role of an individuals' locus of control (LoC) in influencing subjective well-being. However, earlier studies have predominantly omitted an exploration of potential moderating factors at the country-level and have rarely delved into the influence of LoC on an important yet often-overlooked dimension of well-being—namely, subjective well-being inequality. Addressing these gaps, this study examines the association between individuals' LoC and subjective well-being, considering both the mean and inequality aspects. Additionally, it explores the moderating influence of country’s social values, particularly the individualism-collectivism dimension. Utilizing data from the Integrated Values Survey, comprising 170,000 individuals across 37 countries from 1996 to 2022, our study confirms a strong positive relationship between LoC and subjective well-being while also unveiling a strong negative relationship with subjective well-being inequality. Moreover, it demonstrates that country’s social values exert significant moderation effects on the relationship between LoC and subjective well-being, affecting both the mean level and inequality aspects, albeit in opposing directions. By employing the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, our findings support the importance of structural effects. Understanding how increasing LoC shapes people’s wellbeing in a society holds implications for policymaking and contributes to ongoing discussions on collective choice and inequality
Du 04/04/2024 de 16:00 à 17:15
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, salle R2-21
TOM (Théorie, Organisation et Marchés) Lunch Seminar
Du 04/04/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
R1-14
XEFTERIS Dimitrios (University of Cyprus)
Information aggregation with delegation of votes
écrit avec Amrita Dhillon, Grammateia Kotsialou, Dilip Ravindran
Liquid democracy is a system that combines aspects of direct democracy and representative democracy by allowing voters to either vote directly themselves, or delegate their votes to others. In this paper we study the information aggregation properties of liquid democracy in a setting with heterogeneously informed truth-seeking voters -- who want the election outcome to match an underlying state of the world -- and partisan voters. We establish that liquid democracy admits equilibria which improve welfare and information aggregation over direct and representative democracy when voters' preferences and information precisions are publicly or privately known. Liquid democracy also admits equilibria which do worse than the other two systems. We discuss features of efficient and inefficient equilibria and provide conditions under which voters can more easily coordinate on the efficient equilibria in liquid democracy than the other two systems.
Travail et économie publique externe
Du 04/04/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 74014 Paris, salle R2-21
PHILIPPE Arnaud (Bristol University)
Building Criminal Networks in Prison Evidence from French cellmates
This paper examines the impact of prison connections on re-incarceration, using comprehensive data on prisoners' cell assignments in France from 2016 to 2022. It documents that having one additional cellmate with a drug-related conviction increases re-incarceration for drug crimes ((+7.1%) in the year after release) while encountering an extra cellmate with property crime convictions raises the probability of property crimes ((+5.2%)). The number of other cellmates has no effect, and other types of recidivism remain unaffected. Peers encountered in prison also affect where infractions eventually occur. Lastly, the influence of cellmates is more pronounced when they share similar characteristics.
Behavior seminar
Du 04/04/2024 de 11:00 à 12:00
R2-21
SHALVI Shaul (Amsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam)
Ignorance by Choice: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Underlying Motives of Willful Ignorance and Its Consequences
People sometimes avoid information about the impact of their actions as an excuse to be selfish. Such “willful ignorance” reduces altruistic behavior and has detrimental effects in many consumer and organizational contexts. We report the first meta-analysis on willful ignorance, testing the robustness of its impact on altruistic behavior and examining its underlying motives. We analyze 33,603 decisions made by 6,531 participants in 56 different treatment effects, all employing variations of an experimental paradigm assessing willful ignorance. Meta-analytic results reveal that 40% of participants avoid easily obtainable information about the consequences of their actions on others, leading to a 15.6-percentage-point decrease in altruistic behavior compared to when information is provided. We discuss the motives behind willful ignorance and provide evidence consistent with excuse-seeking behaviors to maintain a positive self-image. We investigated the moderators of willful ignorance and address the theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of our findings on who engages in willful ignorance, as well as when and why
Development Economics Seminar
Du 03/04/2024 de 16:30 à 18:00
R2.01
CARTER Michael (University of California)
Psychosocial Constraints, Impact Heterogeneity and Spillovers in a Multifaceted Graduation Program in Kenya
Poverty reduction programs modeled on BRAC's graduation approach build up both tangible productive assets and intangible psychosocial assets such as self-confidence and the aspiration for upward mobility. The goal of this paper is to better understand how psychosocial factors operate and shape the impact of graduation programs. After deriving a set of hypotheses about the impacts of psychosocial constraints from a dynamic optimization model of the choice between a low income, casual wage-labor occupation and a higher earning entrepreneurial activity, this paper exploits a randomized controlled trial of a graduation program implemented in the pastoralist regions of Northern Kenya. Key empirical findings include that the estimated highly favorable average treatment effects disguise substantial heterogeneity, with beneficiaries who began with severe depressive symptoms gaining little from the program. The RCT's saturation design also allows us to identify substantial spillover effects onto the asset accumulation of women who were not enrolled in the graduation program. Spillovers are also estimated to positively affect non-beneficiary women's preference for upward economic mobility, providing a plausible explanation for their accumulation of capital despite no direct support from the graduation program. The paper draws out the implications of these findings for the cost-effective design and implementation of graduation programs.
Histoire des entreprises et de la finance
Du 03/04/2024 de 16:00 à 17:30
R2.20
AUBERT Pablo (EHESS)
STOJANOVIC Iouri (EHESS)
La Commission des opérations de Bourse?: à la recherche d’une indépendance pragmatique
écrit avec Aubert Pablo, Iouri Stojanovic
Ce travail présente trois résultats. Il permet tout d’abord de mettre en lumière les tensions générées par la «?division du travail étatique?» (Bezes et Le Lidec 2016) dans les années 1970-1980 entre les agences dites «?indépendantes?» et les administrations historiques. Le gouvernement, soucieux de mener à bien ses divers objectifs, s’écartèle entre une autorité d’une nouvelle forme et un Trésor conservateur qui se trouve peu à peu dépossédé de ses missions. Dans un second temps, il permet de comprendre certains des mécanismes par lesquels le Trésor parvient à maintenir — par les rapports de force qu’il impose — sa position sur l’échiquier politique, incarné par son pouvoir hiérarchique. Pour
Economic History Seminar
Du 03/04/2024 de 12:00 à 13:30
R1.09
TANG John (Utrecht)
Superstition, fertility, and modernization: evidence from Japan
This project explores the relationship between modernization and cultural change by examining fertility patterns in twentieth century Japan. Japanese spirituality, which historically combined elements of animism, Shintoism, and Buddhism, informed fertility patterns by identifying auspicious and inauspicious years to give birth. During the Meiji Period (1868-1912), the central government implemented reforms to dramatically expand mass education alongside industrial and urban development. In the post-war period, advances in medical technology and family planning may have also contributed to the population's ability to avoid births in unlucky years. By using the spatial and temporal variation in education, urbanization, employment, and medical services, one can identify whether increased modernity coincided with less adherence to superstition in the timing of births.
PSI-PSE (Petit Séminaire Informel de la Paris School of Economics) Seminar
Du 02/04/2024 de 17:00 à 18:00
R1-09
GIURICKOVIC Enrichetta (PSE)
Hidden Labor Inputs: A research proposal
Du 02/04/2024 de 14:30 à 16:00
PSE, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, salle R2-01
SIMONOVSKA Ina (UC Davis)
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Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 02/04/2024
R2-21
URAZ Juliet-Nil (LSE)
The Impact of Reduced Access to Civil Legal Assistance: Evidence from England and Wales
In 2013, England and Wales implemented a comprehensive legal aid reform, removing publicly funded legal assistance for low-income households confronting social welfare issues. The reform acted as a large funding shock, resulting in uneven closure and congestion among legal assistance providers. This paper examines the far-reaching consequences of this reform on access to justice and socioeconomic outcomes for vulnerable populations, as well as mortality rates. Constructing panel data on the activity of legal assistance providers between 2011 and 2022, we adopt a difference-in-differences approach to assess the dynamic effects of the reform on eviction court cases, housing market tension indices and mortality rates. Our analysis leverages the exogenous spatial and temporal variation in access to legal assistance providers, considering changes in distance and congestion of the nearest provider. By adopting estimation procedures corrected for heterogeneity, we quantify the cumulative impact of reduced access to free, in-person legal assistance on outcomes with lasting socioeconomic implications. This study sheds light on an overlooked program targeting households at risk of homelessness and over-indebtedness, providing empirical insights essential for elucidating the unintended socioeconomic and public health consequences of legal reforms.