Agenda du séminaire Régulation et Environnement
Régulation et Environnement
Le 29/04/2024 de 12:00:00 à 13:30:00
R1-09
Electric vehicles (EVs) are a promising technology for the decarbonization of transportation, especially now that battery storage technologies are becoming more energy-dense and affordable and policy efforts are in place to make electricity generation cleaner. This study examines how much electric vehicles are driven by real-world consumers, and how these consumers respond to changes in the cost per mile of driving when they have an electric vehicle or not. Using rich address-level data on all households in Massachusetts and annual vehicle inspections that include odometer readings, we first show that long-range electric vehicles are driven just as much as comparable conventional vehicles, while short-range electric vehicles are driven less. Further, we show that households that acquire an electric vehicle drive more than previously, but not more than matched households that acquire a conventional vehicle. However, we also show that households respond to both gasoline and electricity prices in their choice of which vehicle to drive. These results highlight how a switch to electric vehicles might change driving choices in upcoming years.
GILLINGHAM Kenneth (Yale University) *The Electric Vehicle Rebound Effect
Régulation et Environnement
Le 06/05/2024 de 12:00:00 à 13:30:00
R1-09
This paper shows that even moderate levels of air pollution, such as those found in Europe, harm the economy by decreasing firm performance. We estimate the causal effect of fine particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) on firms' monthly sales and worker absenteeism using matched employer-employee data from France from 2009 to 2015. We exploit variation in air pollution induced by changes in monthly wind directions at the postcode level. We find that a 10 percent increase in monthly PM2.5 exposure decreases sales in the following two months by 0.7 percent on average, with heterogeneous effects across sectors ranging from a 0.4 percent decrease in manufacturing, construction, and business-to-business trade and services, 1.0 percent in food retail and supermarkets, to 1.4 percent in other business-to-consumer services. Concurrently, worker absenteeism due to sick leave increases by 1 percent, underscoring the negative effects of air pollution on workers' health. Yet sales losses are an order of magnitude larger than we would expect if worker absenteeism was the main channel underlying sales decrease. A heterogeneity analysis by sector and industry highlights two other important mechanisms: a detrimental effect of air pollution on the productivity of non-absent workers, and on local demand. The results from our study suggest that reducing air pollution in line with the World Health Organization's guidelines generates economic benefits largely exceeding the cost of regulation in France.
OLLIVIER Hélène (PSE) The Cost of Air Pollution for Workers and Firms
Régulation et Environnement
Le 13/05/2024 de 12:00:00 à 13:30:00
R1-09
The paper develops the concept of "Economic Pathways" (EPs), which char-
acterizes theory-based scenarios for an economy that strives for decarbonization
by the middle of the century. The theoretical framework derives closed-form an-
alytical solutions for consumption, innovation, emissions, and population. The
EPs di§er in the stringency of assumed policies and associated income and emis-
sion development. Unlike the well-known "Shared Socioeconomic Pathways",
they allow the inclusion of important causalities between the economy and the
environment and considerably narrow down the scope of likely future develop-
ments. The quantitative part serves to illustrate the long-term consequences of
climate policy. I show that deep decarbonization only moderately delays eco-
nomic development, but requires increasing escalation of the carbon price. The
paper argues that the adoption of more stringent climate policies becomes more
likely as the phase-out of fossil fuels increases. The "Green Road" is not only
feasible but also attractive and realistic.
BRETSCHGER Lucas (ETH Zurich) Green Road is Open: Economic Pathway with a Carbon Price Escalator
Régulation et Environnement
Le 27/05/2024 de 12:00:00 à 13:30:00
R1-09
WOLAK Frank (Stanford University) *
Régulation et Environnement
Le 03/06/2024 de 12:00:00 à 13:30:00
R1-09
METCALFE Robert (University of Southern California) *
Régulation et Environnement
Le 10/06/2024 de 12:00:00 à 13:30:00
R1-15
CHAN Ron (Manchester University) *