This paper analyzes the impact of a merger in the French retail sector on food prices, using a consumer panel data. We perform a difference-in-differences analysis by comparing price changes in stores for which the local market structure is affected by the merger to unaffected stores. In addition, we empirically investigate economic forces behind the observed price changes. On average, we find that the merger significantly raised competitors’ prices contemporaneously with merging firms’ price increases. Further, we show that competitor prices increase more in local markets that experience larger structural changes in concentration and chain differentiation.