Calendrier du mois de mai 2024
| Programme de la semaine précédente | Programme de la semaine | Programme de la semaine suivante | |
| (du 2024-03-24 au 2024-04-01) | (du 2024-04-01 au 2024-04-07) | (du 2024-04-07 au 2024-04-14) |
Semaine du 2024-04-01 au 2024-04-07 |
Casual Friday Development Seminar - Brown Bag Seminar
Du 05/04/2024 de 13:00 à 14:00
R1-09
SAXENA Utkarsh (Oxford, MIT)
Artificial Intelligence and Judicial State Capacity: Evidence from India
EU Tax Observatory Seminar
Du 05/04/2024 de 12:00 à 13:00
Salle R1-14
MARTINEZ Isabel (KOF (ETH Zurich), CEPR, CESifo)
Earnings Responses to Sudden Wealth: Inheritance, Inter-Vivos Gifts, and Lotteries
We study individual earnings responses to positive wealth shocks from inheritance, inter-vivos gifts, and lotteries. In a life-cycle model we show how responses may differ across the three types of shocks because they occur at different ages. In addition, gifts tend to be targeted, and socio-psychological circumstances differ between the different shocks. We explore these differences in a panel of tax records for a large Swiss canton. We find consistently negative earnings responses, irrespective of the source of the wealth shock. The strongest responses are found for older workers – partly through early retirement–, and for women. Conditional on age, inheritance triggers weaker earnings responses than lottery winnings. Gifts are associated with the strongest reductions in subsequent earnings. However, strong pre-trends confirm them to be targeted and do not allow us to quantify the causal effect of inter-vivos giving. For instrumented gifts, however, no statistically significant earnings response is observed. This suggests that, when abstracting from targeting, behavioral effects mitigate labor supply reductions of donees.
EPCI (Economie politique du changement institutionnel) Seminar
Du 05/04/2024 de 11:00 à 12:30
MSE salle 116
GAYON Vincent (Université Paris Dauphine, IRISSO)
Épistémocratie. Enquête sur le gouvernement international du capitalisme
Bureaucrates, consultants et universitaires réunis à l’OCDE constituent un microcosme expert et opaque qui impose des politiques régressives à tous les pays dits développés. Ce livre est une plongée inédite dans le gouvernement international de l’économie. Il montre comment se légitime un ordre capitaliste qui fait du chômage et de la modération salariale le résultat des largesses de l’État social.
Vincent GAYON, Épistémocratie. Enquête sur le gouvernement international du capitalisme, Collection Microcosmes, Raisons d'agir, 2022, 350 p.
Behavior Working Group
Du 05/04/2024 de 11:00 à 12:00
MSE ( Salle 115)
FERNANDEZ-URBANO Roger ()
How Locus of Control Predicts Subjective Well-being and its Inequality: The Moderating Role of Social Values
Previous research has established the central role of an individuals' locus of control (LoC) in influencing subjective well-being. However, earlier studies have predominantly omitted an exploration of potential moderating factors at the country-level and have rarely delved into the influence of LoC on an important yet often-overlooked dimension of well-being—namely, subjective well-being inequality. Addressing these gaps, this study examines the association between individuals' LoC and subjective well-being, considering both the mean and inequality aspects. Additionally, it explores the moderating influence of country’s social values, particularly the individualism-collectivism dimension. Utilizing data from the Integrated Values Survey, comprising 170,000 individuals across 37 countries from 1996 to 2022, our study confirms a strong positive relationship between LoC and subjective well-being while also unveiling a strong negative relationship with subjective well-being inequality. Moreover, it demonstrates that country’s social values exert significant moderation effects on the relationship between LoC and subjective well-being, affecting both the mean level and inequality aspects, albeit in opposing directions. By employing the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, our findings support the importance of structural effects. Understanding how increasing LoC shapes people’s wellbeing in a society holds implications for policymaking and contributes to ongoing discussions on collective choice and inequality
Du 04/04/2024 de 16:00 à 17:15
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, salle R2-21
TOM (Théorie, Organisation et Marchés) Lunch Seminar
Du 04/04/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
R1-14
XEFTERIS Dimitrios (University of Cyprus)
Information aggregation with delegation of votes
écrit avec Amrita Dhillon, Grammateia Kotsialou, Dilip Ravindran
Liquid democracy is a system that combines aspects of direct democracy and representative democracy by allowing voters to either vote directly themselves, or delegate their votes to others. In this paper we study the information aggregation properties of liquid democracy in a setting with heterogeneously informed truth-seeking voters -- who want the election outcome to match an underlying state of the world -- and partisan voters. We establish that liquid democracy admits equilibria which improve welfare and information aggregation over direct and representative democracy when voters' preferences and information precisions are publicly or privately known. Liquid democracy also admits equilibria which do worse than the other two systems. We discuss features of efficient and inefficient equilibria and provide conditions under which voters can more easily coordinate on the efficient equilibria in liquid democracy than the other two systems.
Travail et économie publique externe
Du 04/04/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 74014 Paris, salle R2-21
PHILIPPE Arnaud (Bristol University)
Building Criminal Networks in Prison Evidence from French cellmates
This paper examines the impact of prison connections on re-incarceration, using comprehensive data on prisoners' cell assignments in France from 2016 to 2022. It documents that having one additional cellmate with a drug-related conviction increases re-incarceration for drug crimes ((+7.1%) in the year after release) while encountering an extra cellmate with property crime convictions raises the probability of property crimes ((+5.2%)). The number of other cellmates has no effect, and other types of recidivism remain unaffected. Peers encountered in prison also affect where infractions eventually occur. Lastly, the influence of cellmates is more pronounced when they share similar characteristics.
Behavior seminar
Du 04/04/2024 de 11:00 à 12:00
R2-21
SHALVI Shaul (Amsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam)
Ignorance by Choice: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Underlying Motives of Willful Ignorance and Its Consequences
People sometimes avoid information about the impact of their actions as an excuse to be selfish. Such “willful ignorance” reduces altruistic behavior and has detrimental effects in many consumer and organizational contexts. We report the first meta-analysis on willful ignorance, testing the robustness of its impact on altruistic behavior and examining its underlying motives. We analyze 33,603 decisions made by 6,531 participants in 56 different treatment effects, all employing variations of an experimental paradigm assessing willful ignorance. Meta-analytic results reveal that 40% of participants avoid easily obtainable information about the consequences of their actions on others, leading to a 15.6-percentage-point decrease in altruistic behavior compared to when information is provided. We discuss the motives behind willful ignorance and provide evidence consistent with excuse-seeking behaviors to maintain a positive self-image. We investigated the moderators of willful ignorance and address the theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of our findings on who engages in willful ignorance, as well as when and why
Development Economics Seminar
Du 03/04/2024 de 16:30 à 18:00
R2.01
CARTER Michael (University of California)
Psychosocial Constraints, Impact Heterogeneity and Spillovers in a Multifaceted Graduation Program in Kenya
Poverty reduction programs modeled on BRAC's graduation approach build up both tangible productive assets and intangible psychosocial assets such as self-confidence and the aspiration for upward mobility. The goal of this paper is to better understand how psychosocial factors operate and shape the impact of graduation programs. After deriving a set of hypotheses about the impacts of psychosocial constraints from a dynamic optimization model of the choice between a low income, casual wage-labor occupation and a higher earning entrepreneurial activity, this paper exploits a randomized controlled trial of a graduation program implemented in the pastoralist regions of Northern Kenya. Key empirical findings include that the estimated highly favorable average treatment effects disguise substantial heterogeneity, with beneficiaries who began with severe depressive symptoms gaining little from the program. The RCT's saturation design also allows us to identify substantial spillover effects onto the asset accumulation of women who were not enrolled in the graduation program. Spillovers are also estimated to positively affect non-beneficiary women's preference for upward economic mobility, providing a plausible explanation for their accumulation of capital despite no direct support from the graduation program. The paper draws out the implications of these findings for the cost-effective design and implementation of graduation programs.
Histoire des entreprises et de la finance
Du 03/04/2024 de 16:00 à 17:30
R2.20
AUBERT Pablo (EHESS)
STOJANOVIC Iouri (EHESS)
La Commission des opérations de Bourse?: à la recherche d’une indépendance pragmatique
écrit avec Aubert Pablo, Iouri Stojanovic
Ce travail présente trois résultats. Il permet tout d’abord de mettre en lumière les tensions générées par la «?division du travail étatique?» (Bezes et Le Lidec 2016) dans les années 1970-1980 entre les agences dites «?indépendantes?» et les administrations historiques. Le gouvernement, soucieux de mener à bien ses divers objectifs, s’écartèle entre une autorité d’une nouvelle forme et un Trésor conservateur qui se trouve peu à peu dépossédé de ses missions. Dans un second temps, il permet de comprendre certains des mécanismes par lesquels le Trésor parvient à maintenir — par les rapports de force qu’il impose — sa position sur l’échiquier politique, incarné par son pouvoir hiérarchique. Pour
Economic History Seminar
Du 03/04/2024 de 12:00 à 13:30
R1.09
TANG John (Utrecht)
Superstition, fertility, and modernization: evidence from Japan
This project explores the relationship between modernization and cultural change by examining fertility patterns in twentieth century Japan. Japanese spirituality, which historically combined elements of animism, Shintoism, and Buddhism, informed fertility patterns by identifying auspicious and inauspicious years to give birth. During the Meiji Period (1868-1912), the central government implemented reforms to dramatically expand mass education alongside industrial and urban development. In the post-war period, advances in medical technology and family planning may have also contributed to the population's ability to avoid births in unlucky years. By using the spatial and temporal variation in education, urbanization, employment, and medical services, one can identify whether increased modernity coincided with less adherence to superstition in the timing of births.
PSI-PSE (Petit Séminaire Informel de la Paris School of Economics) Seminar
Du 02/04/2024 de 17:00 à 18:00
R1-09
GIURICKOVIC Enrichetta (PSE)
Hidden Labor Inputs: A research proposal
Du 02/04/2024 de 14:30 à 16:00
PSE, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, salle R2-01
SIMONOVSKA Ina (UC Davis)
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Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 02/04/2024
R2-21
URAZ Juliet-Nil (LSE)
The Impact of Reduced Access to Civil Legal Assistance: Evidence from England and Wales
In 2013, England and Wales implemented a comprehensive legal aid reform, removing publicly funded legal assistance for low-income households confronting social welfare issues. The reform acted as a large funding shock, resulting in uneven closure and congestion among legal assistance providers. This paper examines the far-reaching consequences of this reform on access to justice and socioeconomic outcomes for vulnerable populations, as well as mortality rates. Constructing panel data on the activity of legal assistance providers between 2011 and 2022, we adopt a difference-in-differences approach to assess the dynamic effects of the reform on eviction court cases, housing market tension indices and mortality rates. Our analysis leverages the exogenous spatial and temporal variation in access to legal assistance providers, considering changes in distance and congestion of the nearest provider. By adopting estimation procedures corrected for heterogeneity, we quantify the cumulative impact of reduced access to free, in-person legal assistance on outcomes with lasting socioeconomic implications. This study sheds light on an overlooked program targeting households at risk of homelessness and over-indebtedness, providing empirical insights essential for elucidating the unintended socioeconomic and public health consequences of legal reforms.